1,633,743 research outputs found
EU Migrants in Other EU Countries: An Analysis of Bilateral Migrant Stocks
This briefing provides an overview of the numbers of EU migrants in different EU countries It also analyses data for the "net migrant stock" between different countries, i e. the number of people from country Y living in country X minus the number of people from country X living in country Y. For instance, it compares the number of Spanish migrants in the UK with the number of UK migrants living in Spain. All data and analysis in this briefing refer to the year 2010
The visibility of environmental rights in the EU legal order: eurolegalism in action?
The current article responds to a key puzzle and a question. First, why, given the potential for ârights talkâ that has been seen in other countries and other policy areas, have environmental rights in the EU legal order been relatively invisible until recently? And second, with Daniel Kelemenâs influential work on Eurolegalism arguing that the EU has become much more reliant on US-style adversarial legalism, including a shift towards rights-based litigation, do EU environmental rights fit the picture Kelemen has painted, or are they an exception? The article explores the visibility of EU environmental rights at EU level and then seeks to explain the possible reasons for visibility/invisibility
When mobility is not a choice Problematising asylum seekersâ secondary movements and their criminalisation in the EU. CEPS Paper in Liberty and Security in Europe No. 2019-11, December 2019
The notion of âsecondary movementsâ is commonly used to describe the mobility of third country
nationals for the purpose of seeking international protection in an EU member state other than the
one of first irregular entry according to the EU Dublin Regulation. Secondary movements are often
identified as a major insecurity factor undermining the sustainability of the Schengen regime and
the functioning of the EU Dublin system. Consequently, EU policies have focused on their
âcriminalisationâ, as testified by the range of sanctions included in the 2016 CEAS reform package,
and on a âpolicingâ approach, which has materialised in the expanded access to data stored in the
EURODAC database by police authorities, and its future interconnection with other EU databases
under the 2019 EU Interoperability Regulations.
This Paper shows that the EU notion of secondary movements is flawed and must be reconsidered
in any upcoming reform of the CEAS. The concept overlooks the fact that asylum seekersâ mobility
may be non-voluntary and thus cannot be understood as a matter of âfree choiceâ or in terms of
âpreferencesâ about the member state of destination. Such an understanding is based on the wrong
assumption that asylum seekersâ decisions to move to a different EU country are illegitimate, as all
EU member states are assumed to be âsafeâ for people in need of international protectio
Corporate taxation and the location choice of foreign direct investment in EU countries. ESRI WP591, March 2018
This paper examines the impact of corporate taxation and other factors on the attractiveness
of EU countries to foreign direct investment. In comparison to previous analyses on the location choice
of multinational activity in the EU, we use an improved empirical methodology to account for more
flexible substitution patterns among alternative locations by considering groups of countries with
similar characteristics as location options. In addition, we account for the heterogeneity of investorsâ
behaviour by considering intra-EU investments and investments from outside the EU. Furthermore, we
identify and quantify similarities and differences with respect to the effects of corporate taxation and
the effects of other factors on the location choice of foreign affiliates in manufacturing and services
Journal Staff
Den Europeiska Unionen Ă€r en mĂ„ngfacetterad samling lĂ€nder med ett brett spektra av historisk bakgrund, geografisk placering och ekonomiska förhĂ„llanden. I denna uppsats undersöks huruvida en gemensam europeisk identitet kan bidra till en ökad tillit frĂ„n medborgarna i unionen till EU som institution. Uppsatsens teoretiska underlag bestĂ„r av tidigare forskning. Denna forskning skapar ett fundament för den statistiska modell som anvĂ€nds för att besvara frĂ„gestĂ€llningen. Med hjĂ€lp av data samlad ur bland annat Eurobarometerrapporter tar uppsatsen, via multipel linjĂ€r regression, fram en modell som förklarar förhĂ„llandet mellan den beroende variabeln âförtroende för EUâ och de oberoende variablerna âuppfattning av gemensam europeisk identitetâ, âavstĂ„nd till Brysselâ, âBNP per capitaâ och âantal Ă„r som medlem i EUâ. Resultatet visar en koppling mellan en högre grad av upplevd gemensam identitet hos medborgarna i ett land och ett ökat förtroende för EU. Vidare visar modellen ett negativt samband mellan förtroendet för EU och ett stigande vĂ€rde pĂ„ var och en av de övriga förklaringsvariablerna. Med andra ord: ju lĂ€ngre avstĂ„nd till Bryssel, ju högre BNP per capita och ju lĂ€ngre medlemskap i unionen desto lĂ€gre förtroende kĂ€nner den genomsnittlige medborgaren för EU.The European Union is a diverse group of countries characterized by a wide spectra of historical background, geographical location and economic situation. The topic of this essay is whether a common European identity can contribute to an increased level of trust from the citizens towards the EU as an institution. Previous research constitute the theoretical basis of the essay. Using this research, I create the foundation for the statistical model used to answer the question at issue. Using multiple linear regression on data gathered from Eurobarometer reports and other sources, I create a statistical model that explains the relationship between the dependent variable âtrust in EUâ and the independent variables âfeeling of being an EU-citizenâ, âdistance to Brusselsâ, âBNP per capitaâ and ânumber of years as member of EUâ. The results shows a connection between a higher level of feeling of being an EU-citizen and a higher level of trust in EU. Moreover, the model shows a negative connection between trust in EU and an increasing value on each of the other independent variables. In other words: the further away the average citizen is from Brussels, the higher level of BNP per capita her country has and the longer her country has been a member of the EU, the lower trust she has in the EU
EU emissions trading in a crowded national climate policy space â some findings from the INTERACT project
Climate policy in EU Member States is becoming increasingly crowded. Multiple instruments have been introduced at both the Member State and EU levels and new instruments are regularly being proposed. As the number of instruments grows, so does the potential for interaction between them. This interaction can be complementary and mutually reinforcing, but there is also the risk that different policy instruments will
interfere with one another and undermine the objectives and credibility of each. The central aim of the EU-funded research project âInteraction in EU Climate Policyâ (INTERACT) has been to develop a systematic approach to analysing policy interaction and to use this approach to explore the potential interactions between the proposed
EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) and other instruments within both EU and Member State climate policy
Recommended from our members
The discursive construction of EU counter-terrorism policy: writing the âmigrant otherâ, securitisation and control
This article argues that the EU counter-terrorism policy reflects a deep-rooted mistrust or fear of the âmigrant otherâ. The first half of the article focuses on the discursive construction of terrorism and the concept of securitisation. Drawing on Foucault and in line with scholars such as Campbell (1992), Milliken (1999) and HĂŒlsse and Spencer (2008) the concept of discourse advocated here is one that is above individual discourse participant; the EU is a place where power/knowledge meets and is refracted back into social and political life. An alternative conception of securitisation is offered in order to demonstrate the processes involved in the discursive construction of the âmigrant otherâ as a security threat. The second half of the article will identify two meta-narratives linked to the construction of the âmigrant otherâ within the EU counter-terrorism policy. The first of these narratives constructs the âterrorist otherâ as a threat to the globalised, âopenâ society of the EU. This has the implicit effect of constructing and conflating the âmigrant otherâ with the threat of terrorism. The second meta-narrative that will provide the focus of analysis is a contingency-based discourse that constructs the âmigrant otherâ as in need of control in order to prevent the possibility of future terrorist attacks
Public Procurement: How open is the European Union to US firms and beyond? CEPS Policy Insights No 2020-04 / March 2020
A recent report on public procurement published by the United States Government Accounting Office (GAO)
attempted to provide a range of estimates for the EU and the US, among others, and argued that the EU
awarded a low share of public procurement contracts to US firms (3 billion) awarded to EU firms (GAO 2019). However, the methodological
approach used by GAO was partial and misrepresented the level of EU openness, as it only looked only at the
âtip of the procurement icebergâ and missed out other main avenues for international government
procurement. Once these other two main procurement modes are taken into account, EU openness in
procurement is much higher, vis-a-vis both for US and third countries. Overall, the EU has awarded over âŹ50
billion worth of public contracts to foreign firms, out of which âŹ11 billion to US firms. Comparable data across
all modalities do not yet exist for the US, but we do have clear evidence that, since 2009, the US has
introduced the largest number of protectionist procurement measures severely affecting international
procurement
Standards and Regulations
Contents
1 International Standards
1.1 IFOAM Standards
1.2The Codex Alimentarius
2 National and Supranational Regulations
2.1 The EU Regulation on Organic Production
2.2 Other National Regulations
2.3 US and EU Import Procedures
3 Private Standards
4 Relationship to Fair Trade
5 Literatur
The EUâs Trade Policy in the Doha Development Agenda â An Interim Assessment on Rules Negotiations
At Doha Ministerial Conference in 2001, WTO members agreed to launch new trade negotiations on a range of subjects and other work, including issues concerning the implementation of the present agreements. Various issues in the WTO Doha Development Agenda were dealt with in the form of âsingle undertakingâ which include the trade remedy rules, i.e., anti-dumping and subsidies rules. The EU, being the largest regional economy in the world, was no doubt a heavyweight in the Doha multilateral trade negotiations and so was its trade policy of great weight. To date, the EU had put forward a total of 10 submissions to clarify and improve the AD Agreement and the SCM Agreement at the end of 2006, and the submissions revealed the EUâs attitude toward the Rules negoation; not aggressive but prudent and cautious. While Doha Round seemed doomed and gloomy, the EU, on the other hand, launched its new trade policy, the âGlobal Europeâ framework in 2006 pursuant to the goals set up by the conclusions of Lisbon European Council. The new EUâs trade policy is comprised of a wider array of trade issues, aiming at maintaining its global competitiveness, and in light of the growing fragmentation and complexity of the process of production and supply chains as well as the growth of major new economic actors, particularly in Asia, there was a need for a revision of the EU Trade Defence Instruments (TDI) . A âGreen Paperâ on TDI was thus drafted and presented for public consultation by the Commission at the end of 2006, which is intended to make sure EU TDI fit in the trend of globalization as well as the European multinational corporations' competiveness in the new economic context. This paper intends to explore if the possible trade policy adjustment in the EU TDI will also facilitate to resolve the discrepancy between the EU and its counterparts in the Rules negotiations and provide a solid basis for the conclusion thereof. Section II of the article presents the ongoing DDA negotiations, inter alia, Rules negotiations. Section III will probe the negotiation objective and issues that EU concern by examining its submissions to the Negotiating Group on Rules as well as its implementation assessment. The EUâs new trade policy, in particular, that on the newly released âGreen Paperâ on the TDI will also be analyzed in section IV. This paper concludes that the EU policy on TDI is expected to be adjusted toward a framework favorable to other economic operators, such as users and consumers. Whether the public consultation for âGreen Paperâ is a process of consensus building is still an argument. It is likely that EU delegate will narrow down the gap between the EU and other exporting-oriented members in the Rules negotiations should the revised TDI be expanded to a large extent
- âŠ